Notes and PYQs - EC and PC

Notes - Ethical Competence and Professional Competence

Ethical Competence

  • It means the ability to distinguish right from wrong and act according to moral principles like honesty, fairness, compassion, and integrity.
  • It is about “doing the right thing, even when no one is watching.”

Example:

·         A civil servant refuses a bribe and ensures that a poor farmer gets his rightful land — this shows ethical competence.

Professional Competence

  • It means having the knowledge, skills, and efficiency to perform one’s official duties effectively.
  • It is about “doing the thing right.”

Example:

·         A district collector efficiently manages flood relief operations because he knows the procedures, planning, and coordination — this shows professional competence.

Why Both Are Important

Ethical Competence

Professional Competence

Ensures that actions are morally right and just.

Ensures that actions are technically correct and effective.

Builds public trust in governance.

Ensures results and efficiency in administration.

Prevents misuse of power and corruption.

Prevents incompetence and failure of systems.

Focuses on values — honesty, empathy, transparency.

Focuses on skills — planning, management, execution.

Why One Is Meaningless Without the Other

A person with only professional competence may become a “clever manipulator” — effective but unethical.

·         Example: A corrupt but efficient officer may get things done, but at the cost of justice and public faith.

·         Quote: “Efficiency without ethics is dangerous; ethics without efficiency is ineffective.”

A person with only ethical competence may be honest but ineffective — good-hearted but unable to deliver results.

·         Example: An honest officer who cannot manage disaster relief properly causes harm despite good intentions.

·         Quote: “Good intentions are not enough; they must be matched with good execution.”

Ideal Civil Servant = Ethical + Professional

True public service requires a balance of both:

·         Ethical competence ensures integrity and moral compass.

·         Professional competence ensures capability and results.

Mahatma Gandhi said:

“The ends do not justify the means.”
So ethics guide how we work.

But Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam reminded us:

“Excellence happens not by accident. It is a process.”
So professionalism ensures how well we work.

  • Ethical competence → Doing right things.
  • Professional competence → Doing things right.
  • Together → Create a responsible, efficient, and morally upright administration.

“Ethics is the heart of administration; competence is its brain.
One without the other leads to failure.”

PYQs - Ethical Competence and Professional Competence

 

Section A

 

·         What do you understand by ‘values’ and ‘ethics’? In what way is it important to be ethical along with being professionally competent? 2013

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·         Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.” What do you understand by this statement? Explain your stand with illustrations from modern day context. 2014

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·         There is a heavy ethical responsibility on the public servants because they occupy positions of power, handle huge amounts of public funds, and their decisions have wide ranging impact on society and environment. What steps have you taken to improve your ethical competence to handle such responsibility? 2014

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·         “In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other two will kill you.” – Warren Buffett. What do you understand by this statement in the present-day scenario? Explain.  2018

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·         What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples. 2023

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·         Analyse the significance of both aptitude (skills, intelligence) and attitude (mindset, ethics) in civil services. Justify which is more important for effective governance with examples from public administration. KPSC 2025

 

Section B

 

2013 – Star Performer and Misbehavior Complaint

 

You are the Executive Director of an upcoming InfoTech Company which is making a name for itself in the market.

 

Mr. A, who is a star performer, is heading the marketing team. In a short period of one year, he has helped in doubling the revenues as well as creating a high brand equity for the Company so much so that you are thinking of promoting him. However, you have been receiving information from many corners about his attitude towards the female colleagues; particularly his habit of making loose comments on women. In addition, he regularly sends indecent SMS’s to all the team members including his female colleagues.

 

One day, late in the evening, Mrs. X, who is one of Mr. A’s team members, comes to you visibly disturbed. She complains against the continued misconduct of Mr. A, who has been making undesirable advances towards her and has even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She tenders her resignation and leaves your office. (20 marks | 250 words)

 

a)      What are the options available to you?

b)      Evaluate each of these options and choose the option you would adopt, giving reasons.

 

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2019 - Star Performer and Misbehavior Complaint

An apparel manufacturing company having a large number of women employees was losing sales due to various factors. The company hired a reputed marketing executive, who increased the volume of sales within a short span of time. However, some unconfirmed reports came up regarding his indulgence in sexual harassment at the workplace.

After sometime a woman employee launched a formal complaint to the management against the marketing executive about sexually harassing her. Faced with the companies’ indifference, in not taking cognizance of her grievances, she lodged an FIR with the police.

Realizing the sensitivity and gravity of the situation, the company called the woman employee to negotiate. In that she was offered a hefty sum of money to withdraw the complaint and the FIR and also give in writing that the marketing executive is not involved in the case.

a)      Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.

b)      What options are available to the woman employee?

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2022 – To Hire or Not? – Resourceful but Corrupt

Prabhat was working as Vice President (Marketing) at Sterling Electric Ltd., a reputed multinational company. But presently the company was passing through the difficult times as the sales were continuously showing downward trend in the last two quarters. His division, which hitherto had been a major revenue contributor to the company’s financial health, was now desperately trying to procure some big government order for them. But their best efforts did not yield any positive success or breakthrough.

His was a professional company and his local bosses were under pressure from their London-based HO to show some positive results. In the last performance review meeting taken by the Executive Director (India Head), he was reprimanded for his poor performance. He assured them that his division is working on a special contract from the Ministry of Defence for a secret installation near Gwalior and tender is being submitted shortly.

He was under extreme pressure and he was deeply perturbed. What aggravated the situation further was a warning from the top that if the deal is not clinched in favour of the company, his division might have to be closed and he may have to quit his lucrative job.

There was another dimension which was causing him deep mental torture and agony. This pertained to his personal precarious financial health. He was a single earner in the family with two school-college going children and his old ailing mother. The heavy expenditure on education and medical was causing a big strain to his monthly pay packet. Regular EMI for housing loan taken from bank unavoidable and any default would render him liable for severe legal action.

In the above backdrop, he was hoping for some miracle to happen. There was sudden turn of events. His Secretary informed that a gentleman Subhas Verma wanted to see him as he was interested in the position of Manager which was to be filled by him in the company. He further brought to his notice that his CV has been received through the office of the Minister of Defence.

During interview of the candidate-Subhash Verma, he found him technically sound, resourceful and experienced marketer. He seemed to be well-conversant with tendering procedures and having knack of follow-up and liaising in this regard Prabhat felt that he was better choice than the rest of the candidates who were recently interviewed by him in the last few days.

Subhash Verma also indicated that he was in possession of the copies of the bid documents that the Unique Electronics Ltd. would be submitting the next day to the Defence Ministry for their tender. He offered to hand over those documents subject to his employment in the company on suitable terms and conditions. He made it clear that in the process, the Sterling Electric Ltd. could outbid their rival company and get the bid and hefty Defence Ministry order. He indicated that it will be win-win situation for both-him and the company.

Prabhat was absolutely stunned. It was a mixed feeling of shock and thrill. He was uncomfortable and perspiring. If accepted, all his problems would vanish instantly and he may be rewarded for securing the much awaited tender and thereby boosting company’s sales and financial health. He was in a fix as to the future course of action. He was wonder-struck at the guts of Subhash Verma in having surreptitiously removing his own company papers and offering to the rival company for a job. Being an experienced person, he was examining the pros and cons of the proposal/situation and he asked him to come the next day.

(a)    Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.

(b)   Critically examine the options available to Prabhat in the above situation.

(c)    Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Prabhat and why?

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